Gettysburg National Military Park Visitor Center/Cyclorama Building
National Historic Landmark Nomination

Completed by Richard Longstreth and Christine Madrid
for the Society of Architectural Historians, June 1999

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9. Major Bibliographical References:
Books | Articles | Unpublished Materials | Recent Accounts on the Building's Preservation | Previous documentation on file (NPS)
10. Geographical Data
11. Form Prepared By


9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

BOOKS

Boesinger, W., ed., Richard Neutra 1950-60: Buildings and Projects, Zurich: Editions Girsberger, and New York: Praeger, 1959 .

__________________, Richard Neutra 1961-66: Buildings and Projects, Zurich: Verlag fur Architektur, and New York: Praeger, 1966.

Bruegmann, Robert, ed., Modernism at Mid-Century: The Architecture of the United States Air Force Academy, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

Craig, Louis, et al., The Federal Presence: Architecture, Politics, and Symbols in United States

Government Buildings, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1978.

Darling, F. Fraser, and Noel D. Eichhorn, Man & Nature in the National Parks: Reflections on Policy,

Washington: Conservation Foundation, 1967, 2nd ed., 1969.

Drexler, Arthur, and Thomas S. Hines, The Architecture of Richard Neutra: From International Style to California Modern, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1982.

Hamlin, Talbot, ed., Forms and Functions of Twentieth-Century Architecture, 4 vols., New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.

Hines, Thomas S., Richard Neutra and the Search for Modern Architecture: A Biography and History, New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Loeffler, Jane C., The Architecture of Democracy: Building America's Embassies, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998.

McClelland, Linda Flint, Building National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

McCoy, Esther, Richard Neutra, Masters in World Architecture Series, New York: George Braziller, 1960.

Neutra, Richard J., Life and Shape, New York: Van Rees Press, 1962.

__________________, Survival Through Design, New York: Oxford University Press, 1954.

Newhouse, Victoria, Wallace K. Harrison, Architect, New York: Rizzoli, 1989.

Rettie, Dwight F., Our National Park System: Caring for America's Greatest Natural and Historic Treasures, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.

Stimpson, Miriam F., A Field Guide to Landmarks of Modern Architecture in the United States, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985.

Temko, Allan, Eero Saarinen, Makers of Contemporary Architecture Series, New York: George Braziller, 1962.

Wirth, Conrad Louis, Parks, Politics, and the People, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Our Heritage: A Plan for Its Protection and Use," Washington: National Park Service, 1956.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "That the Past Shall Live," Washington: National Park Service, 1959.

ARTICLES

Goble, Emerson, "Architecture for the National Parks," Architectural Record 121 (January 1957), 173-188.

Hines, Thomas S., "Richard Neutra, AIA's 1977 Gold Medalist," AIA Journal 66 (March 1977), 53-54.

Howe, Ward Allan, "A Date to Recall: Gettysburg Centennial Will Be Marked by Special Ceremonies July 1-4," New York Times, 9 June 1963, XX-19.

Huyck, Dorothy B. "Gettysburg's Gain: New $1 Million Visitor Center to Give Tourists Clearer Picture of

Battle," New York Times, 6 May 1962, XX-15.

Knight, Carleton, III, "Park Service as Client: II," Architecture 84 (December 1984), [ ].

Koehler, Robert E., "Our Park Service Serves Architecture Well," AIA Journal 60 (January 1971), 18-25.

Mickel, Ernest, "A Washington Report, Mission 66: A New Challenge to Architects," Architectural Record 120 (August 1956), 32.

Neutra, Dion, "The Neutra Genius: Innovations & Vision," Modernism Magazine 1 (Winter 1998), 26-33.

"PA&B Profile: Richard J. Neutra, Los Angeles, California," Pacific Architect and Builder, May 1960.

"The Philippoteaux Cyclorama, a Huge and Famous Old Painting, Now has a New Home at Gettysburg, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 July 1962, "Today" magazine.

Richard Neutra issue, Vitrum 131 (May-June 1962) [Milan].

Richard Neutra Number, Arquitectura, 7 (September 1965) [Madrid].

"Richard Neutra: His Thoughts and Architectural Works," Column 16 (ca. 1962), 87-112 [Tokyo].

Von Eckardt, Wolf, "The Park Service Dares to Build Well," Washington Post, 29 March 1964, G6.

________________, "Richard Neutra: Survival Through Design," Saturday Review, 6 June 1970, 62-63.

"West Coast Architects, I: Richard Neutra," Arts & Architecture, March 1964, 17-21.


UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

Allaback, Sarah, "Mission 66 Visitor Centers: The History of a Building Type," draft report prepared as component of Ethan Carr and Sarah Allaback, "'Mission 66': Contextual History of National Park Service Planning, Design, and Construction, 1945-1972," for the National Park Service, 3 May 1999.

Gibson, Benjamin F., Acting Assistant Regional Director, National Park Service, Philadelphia, PA, to Superintendents, Acadia National Park, Antietam National Battlefield, Gettysburg National Military Park, Harpers Ferry National Monument, Hopewell Village National Historic Site, Morristown National Historical Park, Mound City Group National Monument, Saratoga National Historical Park, 24 August 1960. On deposit at Antietam National Battlefield Library, National Park Service, Sharpsburg, Maryland.

Madrid, Christine L., "The Mission 66 Visitor Centers, 1956-1966: Early Modern Architecture in the National Park Service," M.A. thesis, University of Virginia, 1998.

Longstreth, Thaddeus, Collection, Architectural Archives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Monroe, Jonathan Searle, "Architecture in the National Parks: Cecil Doty and Mission 66," M.A. thesis, University of Washington, 1986.

Tweed, William C., "Parkitecture: A History of Rustic Building Design in the National Park System: 1916- 1942," San Francisco: National Park Service, 1978.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Division of Design and Construction and Division of Interpretation, "Visitor Center Planning: Notes on Discussions Held in EODC November 18-22, 1957, and WODC February 4-6, 1958," held at National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center Library, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Mission 66 Progress Report, October 1963," Washington, 1963.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Mission 66 Progress Report, March 1966," Washington, 1966.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Mission 66: To Provide Adequate Protection and Development of the National Park System for Human Use," Washington, National Park Service, 1956.

Washington Metropolitan Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, Committee on Awards and Exhibits, Report to Norman C. Fletcher, FAIA, Chairman, Committee on Institute Honors, n.d. On deposit at National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center Library, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

Zube, Ervin H., Joseph H. Crystal, and James F. Palmer, for the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, "Visitor Center Design Evaluation," April 1976, IME Report No. R-76-5. On deposit at National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center Library, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

RECENT ACCOUNTS ON THE BUILDING'S PRESERVATION

Fitts, Deborah, "Some Say Save the Cyclorama," Civil War News, July 1998, 19a.

Freeman, Allen, "Unwelcome Centers: The Park Service Reevaluates Its Modern Buildings from the 1960s," Preservation 49 (July-August 1997), 16-17.

"Gettysburg's Cyclorama Building faces Demolition," Preservation Pennsylvania, 11:4 (1998), 1, 7.

Hine, Thomas, "Which of All Pasts to Preserve?" New York Times, 21 February 1999, AR48.

Neutra, Dion, "Gettysburg Visitor Center: Too Old to Be Chic; Too Young to Be Revered ...Or What Can

Happen to Buildings of Merit that Are Less than 50 Years Old," AIArchitect 5 (February 1998), 5.

____________, "Gettysburg Revisited: Memories of an Architect Son," AIArchitect 5 (April 1998), 20.

 

Previous documentation on file (NPS):

Preliminary Determination of Individual Listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested.

Previously Listed in the National Register.

__X__ Previously Determined Eligible by the National Register.

Designated a National Historic Landmark:

Recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey: #

Recorded by Historic American Engineering Record: #

Primary Location of Additional Data:

_____State Historic Preservation Office
_____Other State Agency
_X__ Federal Agency
_____Local Government
_X__ University
_____Other (Specify Repository):

 

10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA

Acreage of Property:Less than one acre

UTM References:

Zone Easting Northing
18 308770 4409650

Verbal Boundary Description:

The boundary of the Cyclorama Building is shown as the dotted line on the accompanying map entitled "Gettysburg National Military Park: Planting, Visitor Center Area, 1961," (Fig.3). The building sits at the center of a rectangular boundary measuring approximately 200' wide by 400' long, The property lies between Hancock Avenue to the west, a National Park Service road, and Taneytown Road to the east. Boundary includes entire building and two ground-level terraces at east and west entrances. Walkways and vegetation beyond dotted line boundary not included in this nomination.

 

Boundary Justification:

Boundary based primarily on building footprint and small portion of surrounding land that contribute to the historic integrity of the Cyclorama Building. Other landscape features are not considered a significant part of this designation, with the exception of two adjacent outdoor patios (as described above) which constitute the associated setting. Features listed in National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination for Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District (1974) not included in the boundary for this nomination.

 

11. FORM PREPARED BY

Name/Title: Richard Longstreth and Christine L. Madrid, historians for the Society of Architectural Historians
Address: 1365 N. Astor Street, Chicago, IL 60610
Telephone: 312-573-1365
Date: June 30, 1999

 

Edited by:

National Historic Landmarks Survey
National Park Service
P.O. Box 37127, Suite 310
Washington, DC 20013-7127
Telephone:(202) 343-

 

NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS SURVEY

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